Ī number of different species, most belonging to the family Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. Herring are also known as "silver darlings". These oily fish also have a long history as an important food fish, and are often salted, smoked, or pickled. Herring played a pivotal role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe, and early in the 20th century, their study was fundamental to the evolution of fisheries science. Fish called herring are also found in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal. The most abundant of all is the Atlantic herring, providing over half of all herring capture. Three species of Clupea (the type genus of the herring family Clupeidae) are recognised, and provide about 90% of all herrings captured in fisheries. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, including the Baltic Sea, as well as off the west coast of South America. Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae. In million tonnes reported by the FAO 1950–2010
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